Water Heating in the Coop

DSCF3282Today was a glorious day: sunny and nearly 70 F. DH and I cleared gutters, raked leaves, cleaned up the porch so it is ready for another row of firewood, and generally tidied up. The only thing I didn’t get to do was plant garlic. But I did get to install the de-icer in the chicken watered.

I have and absolutely love the Avian Aqua Miser: three nipples installed in the bottom of a 5-gallon bucket. Last month, I actually won second prize in the Walden Effect’s picture contest (click here  for the other submitted photo). I won the new system, nipples that you can install on the side of the container, which allows you to stand the container down, instead of having to hang it.  I was planning to outfit the new one with heating, but found that there isn’t enough space in the run part underneath the coop, especially in winter. So I left the new system in the box for next year, and retrofitted the old hanging system.

After a lot of research, much of it on the Aqua Miser chicken blog, I opted to go with Farm Innovators’ 150 W birdbath de-icer ($33 on Amazon). It is thermostatically controlled, seems efficient and built simply enough to last a long time, and it got great reviews.

The next decision was where to make the connection with the extension cord. The de-icer’s cord is quite short, so if I made the connection outside the bucket, I couldn’t lay the de-icer down on the bottom (where I need the heat). Also, to connect it on the outside meant I’d have to figure out rain protection. I fixed both issues by making it inside the bucket, right underneath the lid. I never fill up the bucket beyond 1/3 anyway. On the outside I also guided the extension cord along a hook so this side of the bucket is pretty well protected from the elements.

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Being so careful with our home-produced electricity, I am a bit concerned that the de-icer will work/consume more than necessary. One case of that would be if the thermostat failed. For that case I’ll add a Thermocube ($13 on Amazon) on the other end of the extension cord: it’ll turn on at 35 F and off at 45 F. I’ll monitor how all this works.

We’re looking at a couple of nights in the 20s next week, so that test will be here soon.

{UPDATE: it went down to 12F last night and this AM, still 9F, the water was not frozen. So it works!}

An Opening Up

I like the summer, I do. The garden thrives. Biomass! I don’t have to wear socks or break ice in the chicken’s water bucket. The water that’s been cooking in the hose for a couple of days smells of Earth. Staying up late, loving the lateness of the light. On Full Moon nights, I run out barefoot, gape at the world so strangely lit, like all is covered in ashes, the ashes of the fire of the sun, still burning in the breeze.

But, as Berry said, quoting William Butler Yeats:  “Things reveal themselves passing away.” Summer is now revealing itself, passing away, and revealed is also the complexity of my feelings for it.

For they are not entirely positive. I realize now that summer does and did again engender a claustrophobia in me. My town is “semi-rural,” neither suburban nor rural, neither “leafy streets” with kept lawns and trees, nor rolling fields and meadows. It is messy with trees and weeds, bushes and brambles along the streets, overgrowing large parts of people’s properties. So in summer, life actually darkens as the greenery grows upward and thickens. Above the dark green bowl, which grows higher ever year, the circle of blue narrows and shrinks. Sunrise and sunset are hints of color and light glimpsed through trees, if at all. There is no horizon. You can’t see the weather coming or going, and flocks of birds are more heard than seen.

A couple of days ago my friend A invited me to lunch and afterward she suggested we go for a stroll. She lives close to the only farm in Wayland. We walked up the long private lane, up the hill to the farmer’s house. The lane has stone walls, fences and a line of trees alongside it and, beyond those, rolling fields with cows. It’s a gentle climb and we kept our backs to the lowlands.  After saying hello to A’s friend who lives on top of the hill, she brought me around a small cluster of trees and there…

What breath, what sight! At my feet for miles and miles, the undulating blanket of trees in all their Fall colors. Mountains in the distant haze.

It was like my town, my place, opened. Fall had already been brightening it, leaf by falling leaf. But so slow. This now was the roof blown off! The proportions of sky and land were reversed. The land became a landscape:  “the Land”. The sky formed a dome above it, wide open but somehow protective, instead of endangered: Cosmos. To have seen it all, to know that it exists: a gift!

Earth Oven, Phase 7: Patching up, and Pizza

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The Earth Oven series:

  1. foundation
  2. base
  3. hearth
  4. thermal mass
  5. first drying fire and door arch
  6. insulating layer and chimney
  7. Patching up, and first pizza!

The oven mud could have been more clay-ey, but most of the oven has held up well. Not so the part that wasn’t as compacted (it being over the 0pening)  and that gets the most abuse, namely where the door, when fully closed (closing off the chimney) hits it.  It started crumbling.

DH bought some stainless steel bands at the local HD and bent them to the shape of the door. In the picture you can see that, with the door in place, substantial gaps had developed. With the bands in place, DH could fill them up.

Then we made pizza.

Still not trusting the heat retention capacity of the oven, and pushing up against dinner time, we opted not to stoke the fire for another hour and not to clear the burning coals out, but to instead move them to the back of the oven and to keep a little fire going there.

The first pizza puffed up the moment it hit the hearth (measured at 900 F), its cheese bubbled merrily, and it was done within four minutes.  The next one did well too, except that some of the newly added mud came down, adding some minerals to the pizza toppings.   Yum!

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Unfortunately, because we had opted to keep the fire going, we couldn’t close the door and keep the heat in. Whenever we did, oxygen starvation made the fire die down and the oven filled with smoke. Mud is okay to eat, smoke not so much. The next pizza needed a little more time but came out well – only a larger chunk of oven mud came down.

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Still perfectly delicious. By the time the last one went in, a good half hour after starting, the oven had cooled too much (hearth at 350 F) and that pizza was hardly edible.

Lessons learned:

  • Stoke a hot fire for two hours.
  • Clear out all the coals {read update}
  • Clearing space that way, load the oven with larger or more pizzas.
  • Keep the door closed as much as possible {read update}
  • Work faster.

We checked on the opening and the gaps are still plugged, so the mud that came down must have stuck out and not had enough support to stay in place while wet and being heated so drastically.

{Update}: Kiko Denzer commented on this post with some great advice about the crumbling, the heat retention, and the best way to make pizza. I’ll just reproduce it here:

Hey, congratulations on the beautiful oven and pizza. You might try sweeping the oven dome to remove loose stuff before your next firing. Once you get rid of the worst of it, it should stop dropping (unless your mix was too low in clay). It also sounds like there may still be some moisture in the subfloor (quite possible, even likely if it didn’t get time to dry before you laid the hearth floor). If so, performance should improve dramatically when the last of the water finally gets driven out. When that happens, the standard method for pizza is not to clean out all the coals, but to maintain a small, bright fire in back, and to work with the door open. At typical pizza temps, you can expect them to cook in 1-2 minutes (assuming thin crust, light topping — official Italian pizza standards!) For all your other cooking adventures, see Richard Miscovich’s new book, From The Wood-Fired Oven. And good luck! Thanks for the good story…

I recommend that you watch his video on burning a clean, hot fire in the oven, here on his website. It’s good advice, not just for earth ovens but for wood stoves as well. I’m happy to say we do all he recommends, and better now than before now that I’ve got the hang of my splitting ax.

Thank you, Kiko!

Precious Things in Transition

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Watching Bill Moyers’  recent interview with Wendell Berry, it was hard not to tear up, because of the sheer beauty of this man, his poetry, his speaking, and his holding both grief and joy in equal measure and balance:

It’s hard to think of any thing that’s precious that isn’t endangered. But maybe that’s an advantage. The poet William Butler Yeats said, somewhere, “Things reveal themselves passing away.” And it may be that the danger we’ve now inflicted upon every precious thing reveals the preciousness of it and shows us our duty.

There’s a terrible kind of hope there that makes one hold one’s breath. There’s also the caution not to hold it for too long, and to just get going.

We don’t have a right to ask whether we’re going to succeed or not. The only question we have a right to ask is: What’s the right thing to do? What does this Earth require of us if we want to continue to live on it.

Just breathe, and do what’s right. But do it!

And what is that? The question, “what is right?” pervades my whole person: the morality plays  in my mind (the judgments of myself and others, the dreaming and wishing), daily household acts (what to put the thermostat at), the gathering of the tribe for a meal and conversation, my activism in the community (a letter to the editor, a call for a meeting), my forays beyond the local (usually by “voting with my wallet”). The question rarely gets answered beyond a gut feeling. Surprisingly, for someone who had to relearn the layout of her hometown when learning to drive, in this moral landscape I am satisfied with that gut feeling, just as I love getting lost for a bit before grabbing the unreliable ten-year-old road atlas. Still, sometimes I wish I could nail it down into some sort of “manifesto,” not so much to rationalize it or even to make it more trustworthy, but to make it more accessible when I feel off course and need some reminding.

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Feeling a little adrift is not a bad thing, of course. But after a while, it calls for action.

I had been feeling  most adrift with Transition Wayland, the group I am most involved with, to the point that I’d say it’s my part-time job (unpaid). I felt we weren’t going anywhere, accomplishing anything. I read about Transition and other such groups starting food co-ops, putting up community solar, getting a seat on the town council and rezoning for local agriculture, holding unleashings with half the townsfolk in Open Space. With the urgency of reports and bulletins in my back I was in a hurry to “put systems in place for when they’re needed.” I saw deep rifts in my community and felt that, even if I am helpless as an individual, I should still have influence through this Transition group that promises to act in the middle between the individual and the global.

The crisis came when I realized that all of our latest meetings happened not as Transition Wayland – working on our town’s resilience in the face of climate change, etc. – but as the tribe several of us found through it: satisfying, heartening days full of canning, sharing books and tools, gardening together, in our private homes, unannounced on the website or in the local newspaper. Tribal, closed, self-sufficient: the opposite of Transition.

My compass went berserk, as if you had dropped me at the magnetic pole. There is nothing there, you know, at the pole,  and it keeps moving!

I went a little crazy, inspired by trainings and books on effective groups, open space and how to design one’s group culture.  My first opportunity to put us to work was at a meeting about Eisenstein’s Sacred Economy scheduled a while back. The idea was to present the book, which no one else had read, and then to discuss the long-held idea for a co-op. Though I had announced this on the site and in the local media, only the core group showed up and just one new person, making ten of us. It confirmed my suspicion that most people think of us as a finished, closed tribe. I lectured on Eisenstein, rigid with ambition even though the conversation wanted to go more deeply into more personal stories of giving and receiving. I skipped my carefully prepared segway into the co-op idea, instead projecting it onto the wall in all its powerpoint glory: the goods and services it would ideally offer, its legal underpinnings, how the board would be chosen, dividend paid out…

The others couldn’t believe it. “You want to go into business?! Why sully our good intentions with money? Even I don’t feel the need for this.”  In all my years in Transition, I had never felt so at odds. Even those in the group who had also held dear the co-op, could not  recognize it, let alone come to its defense. We did find our messy way to the bottom of the issue, “Why do you feel we need this?” But by then it was too late, and late. People had already drifted away without saying goodbye, the group unraveled.

Driving home, I told myself: Well, this was good, this was something different, this was Storming, right on cue after Forming and before Norming. I lost a night’s sleep over it. When we came back to it in many good individuals conversations, I managed to explain my intention better: to set the group on track again, find our direction. I billed the meeting two weeks later, on our site and in the local media, as a “General Meeting” where we would do a visioning exercise and a find-your-mission game to re-invent our group culture. I thoroughly prepared for this. People and Permaculture, The Empowerment Manual and the resources on the Transition Network site are wonderfully empowering and a lot of fun. I studied, then wrote out an entire script for the evening. A problem was that I didn’t know who would come. I’d done a lot of promotion and was hoping for some new people. The goal was that they’d get to answer the question, “What is Transition Wayland,” themselves. I packed twenty clipboards.

*

*                 *

My first clue to what was really going on came on the day of the meeting, when I ran the agenda by a friend, over the phone. I went over the visioning exercise: “How can we work for a better future if we can’t even imagine it? So let’s imagine it! Get comfortable, close your eyes if you want to. Imagine a world, ten years, twenty, fifty years from now, where our community is transformed to satisfy your deepest wishes for it. It is a beautiful world you feel safe in. Find yourself in your home. Look around: what does it look? Smell like? Who built it? Where is everybody? The children? The elders? The sick? You’re about to have a midday meal. Who is there with you? Where do they live? What do you eat? Who cooked the meal? Where did the food grow, and who grew it? How did it come to you? How is the land taken care of?” Etc.

It brought my friend to tears. How stark the contrast between this longed-for world and reality, where teachers are murdered by fourteen-year-old students. The exercise did exactly the opposite of what it was meant to do: it thrust her into a feeling of profound powerlessness. My suggestion that with Transition we get to expand our power from the individual circle to the community circle and start the work sounded empty to my own ears. I thanked her profoundly for reminding me of the courage that is needed to imagine a better world.

At the meeting there were eight of us, just the tight core-group (minus one, who couldn’t make it). We did a fun round circle, sharing our moods as weather reports. I introduced group culture and its two domains, vision/mission/goal and process (how meetings are run, decisions taken, etc.), and asked:  Are you happy with our group culture? Is it transparent to you? I explained how I felt adrift.

We never got to do the visioning or any of that.  The fact that it was “just us,”  which had alarmed me at first, turned out to be a blessing: I could put my five-page script away.  We talked freely about what we already do and it was good to hear it. We build trust in our community, by simply walking the trails, for instance, and that gives meaning to our place for everyone in it. We make connections, all the time, like fingers of a hand reaching into the community, and we have to trust that the spaces in between the fingers fill up in unexpected ways often unknown by us. We model compassionate living, friendliness and everyday courage. We counter the dominant culture of fear and distrust. We are more organic and “opportunistic” than prepared and “on track”…

We talked about Wayland Walks, our most successful running program, which had just lead a walk to which twenty people came: twenty people deeply present in the landscape, in search of wild edibles. We gathered around the Master Map that will come out of all this walking for the town’s 375th Anniversary. The crisis had brought me right there, where I needed to be: to this map of our town with these people standing around.

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It’s not true, what I wrote, that there is nothing there, at the pole.  It is true that it keeps moving. In fact, it could be anywhere.

It is the place where you get to question your compass, shake it a little to see if the needle is stuck, and be reminded that you cannot, once and for all, “nail down” that needle.  What is there is the satisfaction that you should just trust your gut feeling.  Just breathe, and do what’s right.

The writing of this entry was inspired by my reading today of Charlotte DuCann’ s latest blog post about the walks she takes her community on, and especially these lines:

So having followed the Transition ethos of relocalisation and community resilience in these five years,  I realise what I have really been doing within its well-managed civic remit is fostering a culture that cherishes all these  wayward,  earth-loving  actions.  Paying attention to things that civilisation has scant time for, or has forgotten in its pursuit of power. I have come to see that return and regeneration - of soil, neighbourhoods, people, places - is the wild card in the pack, the card all of us have up our sleeves.

So it is for me as well. We will work on local energy, local food, continue the hard awareness-raising, and put systems in place. We will  “go places.” But the compass that guides us there will be the precious things: compassion with one who is face-to-face, courage in small actions, the grief and joy of standing in a field together. They show us our duty.

Adding to the Elements

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The Life!

It’s difficult to keep the whole in mind. Thinking in terms of elements helps. I wrote about elements here and here. In the latter post I listed the elements in place at the homestead, and here I’d like to add (underlined) the few that have been added since then, that are coming up in the near future (in bold), and that we’re wishing for in the more distant future (in italics):

  1. Apiary (3 hives)
  2. Avian dinosaurs (6  hens)
  3. Veg, herb and fruit gardens, most grown from seed, moving toward more perennials
  4. The hang of putting up with a canner and dehydrator: read this year’s list here
  5. Rainwater catchment (5×60 gallons) PLUS two IBC totes (550 gallons)
  6. Gravity fed irrigation in the veg garden
  7. Hoop house (12’x20′): need doors and irrigation
  8. Compost: 3 bins 4x4x4 and 2 Earth Machines and sundry leaf and wood chip piles, a couple of Hugelkulturs
  9. Earth oven: still needs third layer and roof
  10. Solar clothes dryer
  11. Member of a year-round local CSA for three years (carpooled)
  12. Solar PV array (5.1 Kw – supplies 100% of electricity)
  13. Solar Hot Water (heats all of our hot water in Summer, about 70% rest of year)
  14. Firewood – wood grown on property – and growing splitting ax skills
  15. Reasonable numbers in the 90% Reduction/Riot for Abundance
  16. Lots of growing space left
  17. coming up: water heater for coop
  18.     freestanding PV unit (2 panels and battery) to deliver electricity to coop and backup in case of power failure
  19. wishing for: mushrooms
  20.    orchard
  21.    goats
  22.    high efficiency replacement for one car
  23.    trailer for other car (“work horse”)
  24.    tiny house on trailer

Gorgeous Day for Baking Cookies

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“Mama, can we bake cookies?”

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Because I suspected that the oven is still too wet to retain enough heat, we put the cookie tray right on the coals (which is cheating, really).

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The thermometer went up to 400 and then freaked out.

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Cookies came out a little burned but nice and smoky!

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Steam rising off the oven.

As an experiment, after that first batch I raked out the coals and we put in another tray of cookies. Like I thought, the temperature quickly plummeted to 250 F. That means we don’t have enough heat retention yet.  I got the coals out of the bucket and put them back in, then flipped the cookies over, like pancakes. Yum!

Earth Oven, Phase 6: Insulating Layer and Chimney

The Earth Oven series:

  1. foundation
  2. base
  3. hearth
  4. thermal mass
  5. first drying fire and door arch
  6. insulating layer and chimney
  7. Patching up, and first pizza!

Advice for the novice bricklayer: when building an arch, when done, remove supports and then let cement dry. You guessed it, when removing the supports under my hastily built arch, the structure sagged minutely, cracking the dried cement. The arch stayed up because all the bricks were wedged, but it wasn’t very stable and, most importantly, the door no longer fit. Positive side: it wasn’t hard to dismantle the loose parts.  We also took advantage of the opportunity to fit the door well into the thermal layer, like a plug. Then we built the new arch, with four hands. And removed the supports.

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While that was drying (and while another peck of apples was drying in the dehydrator), we mixed wood shavings with clay slip and started on the second, insulating layer (about 3″) on top of the outer rim of the hearth which was made with the same material. Denzer in his book likens this to the candy shell around the m&m, or a blanket: a nice, tight envelope to hold the heat in.

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The idea is for this layer to have lots of air pockets, so you don’t compress it as much as you do the inner, heat-retaining dome. Still, I was a little nervous because the trick is to press down, away from the inner dome, which might collapse under such pressure. It’s especially tricky once you hit the top to the dome.

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This took us a good couple of hours, and we needed more of this stuff than we had anticipated. In the end we were scraping the bottom of the barrel for that good clay soil. But here it is, a fully functional earth oven – it just needs drying out.

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At the top of the arch there is a small opening that will become a chimney (to be added when we put the last, decorative layer on).

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When initially firing the wood, the door sits to the front of the arch, keeping the chimney open, like so:

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Once the oven is hot enough and you remove the coals and ashes and put in the food, you push in the door so it plugs the gap, sealing the heat inside.

You know you’ve hit a critical point in a multi-stage project like this one when you get to clean up. I also got my splitting ax out an finallyd gave it its first test run, chopping logs into smaller sticks. “Is this the life or what?!” I proclaimed several times as I swung that ax.  DH agreed.

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We built a nice big fire and I minded it while peeling and chopping apples for more sauce.  The wasps soon found out, and when I was done there were about 10 of them enjoying the juices. It was a little annoying but I found that walking round the table and generally staying in motion really helped. This one I file under the topic of making peace with the true masters of the Earth, the insects.

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A friend asked me why we built such an oven. There are many reasons: our electric oven doesn’t go up to pizza temperatures (800F), you get to cook outside, and, well, there is fire. We all three of us love fire. The first fire in the wood stove is always a ritual, splitting wood and getting it into the porch is a family event, and we can watch it, feel it for hours.  My friend doesn’t have a fire place or wood stove, so he doesn’t understand, but to have added yet another locus for fire to happen (in a controlled way!) feels like a tremendous enrichment.

Earth Oven, Phase 5: First Drying Fire and Door Arch

The Earth Oven series:

  1. foundation
  2. base
  3. hearth
  4. thermal mass
  5. first drying fire and door arch
  6. insulating layer and chimney
    1. Patching up, and first pizza!

Today we dug out the sand form.

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We peeled off the newspaper and checked out the surface on the inside. It’s pretty smooth.

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After that, we lit a fire, just a small one, called a “drying fire”.

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 Amie had the right idea. Marshmallows!

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There is something so comforting about a fire on a cloudy, chilly Fall day.

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After that we started building the arch. We had begun one with the oven mud (you can see it in the first image), but that wasn’t strong enough to glue the bricks together enough for structural support, so this time we opted for cement. Unfortunately, DH had to leave unexpectedly and since we had mixed a good amount of cement already, I wanted to continue. Half an hour later it started to drizzle! I finished the arched hurriedly. I think it won’t be too bad, but an extra pair of hands and eyes would have helped. We’ll see what happens when we remove the door and the supports! The thing’s covered with a tarp now, so we will have to wait till tomorrow to try. If it doesn’t rain, we’ll add the insulating and sculptural shell.

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Abundance

DSCF3073smIt’s been almost two months since the tribe canned the peaches, but our common purchasing did not end there. We also divided almost 7 lbs of locally grown garlic seed among ourselves, and this Thursday my friend and fellow-blogger Andrea hopped in her car and set out for the same farm that sold us the peaches.

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We pulled up and were approached by two men, the farmer Tommy who we had been dealing

with, and his brother, David. David introduced himself with “Hello, I’m single” and that set the tone for the hour-long visit. I’m sure they found the two of us as much a couple of odd ducks as we them!

First thing we did was offer them our gift of canned peaches (peach salsa, peach jam, peach butter, peaches in syrup and peach pickles – one of each). They proudly showed us the post and beam farm shop they are building themselves. They are four brothers, the third generation to be farming that orchard together, and their mother still manages the farm store.

Then, down to business! We asked for utility “Macs” (McIntoshes) but they didn’t have the five bushels we wanted. Tommy repeated the generosity he had shown us before with the peaches (giving us firsts for the price of seconds) and offered us Honeycrisps for the same price ($10 for 20 lbs or a half-bushel). We ended up buying 11 half-bushels of those and they threw in an extra box.

I had spotted an enormous bin with pears and asked about those. They were my favorite pear: Boscs, just picked! Andrea and I looked at each other,  twinkle in our eye. O what the heck! We bought three more boxes of those, for the same incredible price, and were given another free one. We munched while they sorted the pears into the boxes and talked food and farming and generally joked around. We thanked them profusely for their generosity and we could see they enjoyed having given and made a good deal for themselves too. Everyone was happy.

Looking around the orchard as we drove off, all that fruit on the trees and on the ground – it’s been an amazing fruit year in Mass. – we felt uplifted by the abundance all around us, of this incredibly fertile land and of farmers who still take care of it, and with whom we formed a community of sorts, and of friends with whom to admire and share the bounty.

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